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1. All About GSM
2. Third Generation (3G):
3G mobile network was developed in Japan in 2001 to achieve heights of speed which was lacking in 2G technology. The standards of this technology was set by International Telecommunication Union(ITU). This technology provided users with services like GPS(Global Positioning System), video conferencing and mobile television.
1. Network construction and maintenance is costlier. License fee to be paid for 3G is also higher as compared to 2G.
2. Faster access and download speed for applications.
3. 3G is widely used for smart phones. Data transmission rate can be more than 4 million bits per sec.
3. What is the principle of MIMO?
MIMO effectively takes advantage of random fading and when available, multipath delay spread. Actually, the ability to turn multipath propagation, which conventionally is considered as a drawback of wireless transmission, into a benefit for the user is the key feature of MIMO systems. Examples of MIMO systems include heat exchangers, chemical reactors, and distillation columns.
These systems can be complicated through loop interactions that result in variables with unexpected effects. Decoupling the variables of that system will improve the control of that process.
4. What is spatial multiplexing technique?
Spatial multiplexing is a MIMO wireless protocol that sends separate data signals or streams between antennae to enhance wireless signal performance or functionality. It is a type of "spatial diversity" and an engineering trick that helps to increase the possibilities for various types of end-to-end transmission.
In spatial multiplexing, multipath propagation involves multiple-input/multiple-output or MIMO wireless technology setups - the transmit stations use multiple transmit and receive antennas to produce sophisticated signal results. A wireless access point uses multiple radios to enable more than one unique data stream to go between the transmitter and receiver. This increases throughput and is a common technique in order to innovate with wireless setups.
5. What is meant by WCDMA?
The first Multiple Access Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Wideband Code Division networks (WCDMA) were launched in 2002. At the end of 2005, there were 100 WCDMA networks open and a total of more than 150 operators with licenses for frequencies WCDMA operation. Currently, WCDMA networks are deployed in UMTS band of around 2 GHz in Europe and Asia, including Japan and America Korea. WCDMA is deployed in the 850 and 1900 of the existing frequency allocations and the new 3G band 1700/2100 should be available in the near future. 3GPP has defined WCDMA operation for several additional bands, which are expected to be commissioned in the coming years.
6. Why is CDMA2000?
CDMA2000 is a code division multiple access (CDMA) version of IMT-2000 specifications developed by International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
It includes a group of standards for voice and data services -
1. Voice CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1X Advanced 2. Data CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized) Features
1. CDMA2000 is a family of technology for 3G mobile cellular communications for transmission of voice, data and signals.
2. It supports mobile communications at speeds between 144Kbps and 2Mbps.
3. It has packet core network (PCN) for high speed secured delivery of data packets.
4. It applies multicarrier modulation techniques to 3G networks. This gives higher data rate, greater bandwidth and better voice quality. It is also backward compatible with older CDMA versions.
5. It has multi-mode, multi-band roaming features.
7. What is GPRS and its application?
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a mobile communications standard that operates on 2G and 3G cellular networks to enable moderately high-speed data transfers using packet-based technologies.
General packet radio service (GPRS) is defined as a mobile communications standard that operates on 2G and 3G cellular networks to enable moderately high- speed data transfers using packet-based technologies. GPRS wireless packet data has three main characteristics:
1. An always-online function that eliminates the need for dial-up, enabling programs accessible with just one click.
2. The upgraded usual systems mean that carriers do not have to update their equipment; instead, GPRS is put on top of the current equipment.
3. An essential part of future 3G networks, meaning the packet data core network for 3G systems EDGE and WCDMA, GPRS is a necessary foundation for the future.
GPRS application:
1. Communication - Unified messaging, Fax, E-mail, Internet, etc. 2. E-commerce - Retail applications like Amazon, ticket purchasing using UPI, banking,
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