Introduction to Microservice Architecture Using SpringBoot - Part 1

What is resistor?

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's law:
V = IR.

What is inductor?

An inductor is a passive electrical device employed in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. An inductor can take many forms.The voltage drop across an inductor can be calculated using: V = L (di/dt).

What is capacitor

A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. The capacitance is directly proportional to the surface areas of the plates, and is inversely proportional to the separation between the plates. Capacitance also depends on the dielectric constant of the substance separating the plates. The stored charge q can be measured using the equation: q = CV

What is diode?

 In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal device. Diodes have two active electrodes between which the signal of interest may flow, and most are used for their unidirectional current property.

What is transistor?

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals. The transistor is the fundamental building block of computers, and all other modern electronic devices. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits

What is an Integrated Circuit?

An integrated circuit (IC), also called a microchip, is an electronic circuit etched onto a silicon chip. Their main advantages are low cost, low power, high performance, and very small size.

Define filter?

A filter is an electrical network that can transmit signals within a specified frequency range.

State Ohm’s Law?

The current through any conductor is directly proportional to the applied potential difference across it keeping physical condition unchanged.

State Kirchoff’s voltage law?

 Kirchoff’s voltage law states that the algebraic sum of all branch voltages around any closed loop of a network is zero at all instant of time.

What is the limitation of Kirchoff’s law?

It fails in distributed parameter network.

State Kirchoff’s current law?

The algebraic sum of currents at any node of a circuit is zero. The sum of incoming current is equal to sum of outgoing current.

What is Norton theorem?

Norton's theorem states that any linear circuit can be simplified to an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source and parallel resistance that is connected to a load.

Thevenins Theorem

Any linear circuit containing several voltages and resistances can be replaced by just one single voltage in series with a single resistance connected across the load“. In other words, it is possible to simplify any electrical circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent two-terminal circuit with just a single constant voltage source in series with a resistance (or impedance) connected to a load.

State Superposition theorem

If a number of voltages or current sources are acting simultaneously in a linear network the resultant current in any branch is the algebraic sum of current that would be produced in it when each source acts alone replacing all other independent sources by their internal resistances.

What is meant by Clipper and Clamper?

A clipper is a circuit that clips or cutoff voltage above or below a certain specified level. Positive clipper cuts off a portion of positive half of a signal while negative clipper cuts off from the negative half.

A clamper is a circuit that adds voltage in the positive or negative half of the signal to a specified peak voltage. A clamper moves the whole signal up and down to reach the specified peak voltage.

What are oscillators?

Oscillators produce a waveform of desired amplitude and frequency. They can take input from the output itself. For a complete oscillator circuit, we require a feedback device, amplifier, and feedback factor. Oscillators designed to produce a high-power AC output from a DC supply are usually called inverters.

What is an Op-Amp?

Operational amplifier often known as op-amp is an active voltage amplifying component. It can amplify voltage based on the difference of voltage between its two inputs.

List the ideal characteristics of an op-amp

infinite voltage gain
Infinite input resistance
Zero output resistance
Zero output offset voltage
Zero input offset voltage
Infinite bandwidth
Infinite CMRR ( Common mode rejection ratio)
infinite slew rate

What are the advantages of negative feedback?

 Negative feedback is used in the amplifier circuits as they provide the following improvements in the operation of an amplifier-It reduces and stabilizes the gain.
Reduces the distortion.
Increases the bandwidth.
Changes the value of input and output resistances.
Reduces the effect of variations in temperature and supply voltage on the output of the op-amp.

What is the virtual short or virtual ground concept?

According to the virtual short concept, the potential difference between the two input terminals of an op-amp is almost zero. In other words both the input terminals are approximately at the same potential.

what do you mean by CMRR (Common mode rejection ratio)?

The significance of CMRR is the capability of the op-amp to reject the common-mode inputs available at the inverting and non-inverting terminal. Noise is the signal which is common at both the terminals of the op-amp. So in short CMRR is high means the op-amp capability is high to reject the noise signal so that it will not affect the output signal. CMRR is the ratio of the differential voltage gain to the common-mode voltage gain.

What is Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifier?

When the input voltage signal is applied to a non-inverting terminal (+ve terminal) of the Op-amp, the op-amp is said to be in a non-inverting configuration. Its gain is positive i.e. its output signal is in-phase with the input signal.

In inverting op-amp configuration, the input signal is applied to the inverting terminal (-ve terminal) of an op-amp. The gain of inverting op-amp is negative and the output signal is 180 degree out of phase with respect to the input signal.

What is transient response?

 It is that portion of the complete response before attaining some fixed value at the output.

What is steady state response?

The response of the network after it attains a fixed value is called as steady state response.

Explain the Timer IC-555? 

IC-555 is timer IC which is used in a stable, multivibrator, square wave generator, triangular wave generator, pulse modulator and pulse detector circuit.

What is Rectifier?

A rectifier is an electronic device that converts an alternating current into a direct current by using one or more P-N junction diodes. A diode behaves as a one-way valve that allows current to flow in a single direction. This process is known as rectification

Half Wave Rectifier:

A Type of rectifier that converts only the half cycle of the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) is known as halfwave rectifier.

Full Wave Rectifier:

A full wave rectifier converts both positive and negative half cycles of the AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). It provides double output voltage compared to the halfwave rectifier

A full wave rectifier is made up of more than one diode.